Here are some general guidelines you may find helpful when it comes to time management.
Openings:
1- No matter how well prepared you are, in games below the master level you will generally find yourself quickly out of your opening book. It’s a good idea to be familiar with the recurring patterns and motifs in your selected openings. You achieve this by playing over a lot of games with your selected openings. That way when you are out of your book knowledge, you can quickly grasp the overall strategy you should be adopting.
2- Opponents will often play openings you are unfamiliar with. When that happens your best chance is to spend a few minutes assessing the position to try to gain an understanding of the general direction play is likely to take. Be careful not to use too much time because if you fall behind on the clock, you will likely be in time pressure later.
3- When you’ve reached the end of your book knowledge take a minute to determine if the game is going to be a tactical or positional battle. If it’s going to be a tactical battle where the result is likely to be determined by a tactical error you have to make sure you spend enough time looking for tactics so that you don’t miss any. If it’s likely to be a long positional battle try to make sure you don’t fall behind on the clock because you’ll likely need time later. In any case the nature of the looming course of the game, tactical or positional, will help determine how much time you need to devote to selecting your moves.
Middlegame:
1- Have a plan. Evaluation and planning can be done on your opponent’s time. When it’s your turn you can calculate variations.
2- Calculate accurately and swiftly. We often lack the courage of our convictions and too often check and recheck our calculations in fear we’ve missed something. This will take some practice in the art of calculation.
3- Once you decide on a move, play it! It’s a fact that after you’ve decided on a move further calculation is unlikely to cause you to change your mind. That said, prior to moving a quick blunder check is in order.
4- Don’t worry about what you should have done on your previous moves! It’s too late and doing so will only harm your play.
Endings:
1- A little elementary knowledge of things like opposition, triangulation, counting, etc. will save a lot of time because you will have an idea of the correct procedure which will make your calculations go faster.