This topic has been "threaded" before over the last several years.
See the following
The Effect of Math and Chess Integrated Instruction on Math Scores
The Effect of Math and Chess Integrated Instruction on Math Scores
The following appears to be a blog:
The Effect of Math and Chess Integrated Instruction on Math Scores - Web Master'S Zone
The Effect of Math and Chess Integrated Instruction on Math Scores : Education
The following is from a Illinois website:
The Chess Academy
Chess and math: a happy couple? : ChessVibes
The following appears to be a study on the subject with mean results:
Chessdom - The effect of math and chess
Also note: That the in a recent reply to a thread on another subject it was indicated that two mathematicians started the process in theory in the 1940's on how a computer can play chess. There is an old computer chess probably one of the first of chess being played on a 6x6 board, with no knights. Possibly the Knight moves could not be programmed. But who knows? The U.S. Navy website which I posted in a reply a few years ago indicated the relation between chess and mathematics.
I recall that in the late 1960's and 70's Mexico taught chess in the schools.
But I have never seen a study.
Looking for Robert Aumann and game theory (Chess) I came across the following:
Games of Perfect Information
Chess is defined as a game of "perfect information", because both players are aware of the entire state of the game world at all times: just by looking at the board, you can see which pieces are alive and where they are located. Checkers, Go, Go-Moku, Backgammon and Othello are other members of the category, but stud poker is not (you don't know what cards your opponent is holding in his hands).
Most of the techniques described in this series will apply more or less equally to all games of perfect information, although the details will vary from game to game. Obviously, while a search algorithm is a search algorithm no matter what the domain, move generation and position evaluation will depend completely on the rules of the game being played!