Strange no one mentioned Union Square Park, in NYC 14th to 16th Street,
East & West.
Humphrey Bogart may have played in a NYC park probably in Midtown Manhattan. There is a park next to the Public Library.
I myself played a few thousand games in a Bronx Park, known as the Soundview area.
When I was in the US Army in Berlin, strange I never saw anyone playing chess in a park. They played in clubs. You could enter the club, and no one said anything. You just played. I gave lessons to a younger player.
In Zurich, the same thing. I saw the club of the 1934 famous tournament.
But I never saw anyone playing in a park.
There must be a park in Boston, where chess is played. But the only time I was there was in Winter.
However, as above, Union Square Park, chess is played when it is not raining or snowing. There is also a park near NYU in Manhattan, and chess is definitely played.
You have to relate where ever there is a college, and a nearby park, you probably could find chess.
Although at CCNY in the 60's chess was played indoors.